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[主观题]

Animals other than humans have not developed communications comparable to human langua

ge. But is it possible that other animals have the capacity to learn a language if they are adequately taught? Obviously, this is a fascination notion. The idea of communicating directly with another species has long been a part of human folklore and children’s fantasies. But on a scientific level, the question of whether animals can learn a language is important primarily because it relates to the controversy()between the cognitive and the learning approaches to language. If language is dependent on and is actually an outgrowth of the intellectual structure of the human mind, there is the strong supposition that only humans are capable of using language. Therefore, Noam Chomsky and other psycholinguists have argued that only humans can learn a language, while most behaviorists feel that with sufficient patience it should be possible to teach an animal some sort of language. Although the two schools of thought clearly differ on this point, it is not really a crucial test of the two theories. If a chimpanzee can master a simple language all it would mean is that the chimp’s intellectual capacity and brain structure are more similar to ours than we thought. It would not necessarily imply that our intellectual structure is unimportant in our own mastery of language. Thus, teaching an animal language is an impressive demonstration of the power of learning techniques, but it is not evidence that language is developed entirely through learning.On the other hand, the question of whether other animals can learn a language is fascination in its own right, aside from its value as a test of the two theories of language development. Accordingly, whatever one’s position on the theoretical dispute, we must consider training an animal to use language a dramatic accomplishment.

36.Which of the following statements is the view of psycholinguists?

A. The cognitive view of language learning says that only human beings can learn language because it is an outgrowth of the structure of the human mind.

B. Other animals simply could master a language.

C. The animals intellectual capacity is much better than human beings.

D. Language is developed by learning.

37.The behaviorists’ view is that __________.

A. language is actually an outgrowth of intellectual structure of the animal’s mind

B. animals have not developed communications system

C. given enough patience, a man should be able to teach an animal some sort of language

D. only human beings can learn language

38.That an animal can master a simple language means that __________.

A. human’s intellectual structure is not important

B. animals’ intellectual capacity and brain structure are more similar to the humans’

C. the learning techniques are much more important

D. language is developed completely by learning

39.The main idea of paragraph two is ___________.

A. teaching a chimp language is not crucial test of the two theories

B. their brain structure is not similar to human

C. using various methods to let the chimp master a language

D. training a nonhuman to use language is an amazing accomplishment

40.The best title for this passage would be _________.

A. Animals’ language

B. Human’s language

C. Teaching Animals’ Language

D. Can Other Animals Acquire Language?

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更多“Animals other than humans have not developed communications comparable to human langua”相关的问题

第1题

Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home? People who are thinking ab

Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home? People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cat are worried that they will fight.A recent research has found a new recipe for success.According to the study, if the cat is adopted before the dog, and if they are introduced when still young (less than 6 months for cats, a year for dogs), it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly.Twothirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog.

However, it wasn't all sweetness and light.There was a reported coldness between the cat and dog in 25% of the homes, while aggression and fighting were observed in 10% of the homes.One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals are just opposite.For example, when a cat turns its head away it signals aggression, while a dog doing the same signals submission.

In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully, researchers observed a surprising behavior.They are learning how to talk in each other's language.It is a surprise that cats can learn how to talk “Dog”, and dogs can learn how to talk“Cat”. What's interesting is that both cats and dogs have appeared to develop their intelligence.They can learn to read each other's body signals, suggesting that the two may have more in common than was previouslysuspected.Once familiar with each other's presence and body language, cats and dogs can play together,greet each other nose to nose, and enjoy sleeping together on the sofa.They can easily share the samewater bowl and in some cases groom (梳理) each other.

The significance of this research on cats and dogs may go beyond pets-to people who don't get along,including neighbors, colleagues at work, and even world superpowers.If cats and dogs can learn to getalong, surely people have a good chance.

1.The underlined word “swimmingly”in Paragraph 1.is closest in meaning to ________.

A.early

B.sweetly

C.quickly

D.smoothly

2.Some cats and dogs may fight when ________.

A.they are cold to each other

B.they look away from each other

C.they misunderstand each other's signals

D.they are introduced at an early age

3.What is found surprising about cats and dogs?()

A.They eat and sleep together

B.They observe each other's behaviors

C.They learn to speak each other's language

D.They know something from each other's voices

4.It is suggested in Paragraph 4 that cats and dogs ________.

A.have common interests

B.are less different than was thought

C.have a common body language

D.are less intelligent than was expected

5.What can we human beings learn from cats and dogs?()

A.We should learn to live in harmony

B.We should know more about animals

C.We should live in peace with animals

D.We should learn more body languages

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第2题

You know that some birds and bugs can fly. But did you know that there’s another anima
l that can do this? It has wings like a bird. But it doesn’t look like a bird. It’s a bat.Bats have fur mostly all over, but not on their wings. Some bats have black, brown, red, or yellow fur. These live in dark places, like caves. Other bats live in trees. Many of these bats are part white and part another color. Some of them are green.There are more than 900 kinds of bats. The biggest ones are called flying foxes. Their heads look like little brown fox heads. The wings of these bats can be over 5 feet across. But other kinds can be very little. The wings of the smallest bats are only 1/2 foot across.In the day, bats hang by their feet and sleep a lot. At times they clean their fur. Some of the time they care for their babies. Mostly they sleep. But when the sun goes down, they begin to move. At night bats fly around. They try to find food. Bats eat fruit, bugs, plants, fish, and flowers.Some bats use their good hearing to find things in the dark. First they make sounds. The sounds jump off anything around the bats. Then these sounds come back, so the bats can hear just where the thing is. They can fly right to it. That’s how they find things to eat.

1.According to the passage a bat is ().

A.an animal

B.a plant

C.a bird

D.food

2.From the passage we know that ().

A.there are as many as 900 kinds of bats in the world.

B.Bats with brown and red fur live in trees, while bats with green fur live in caves

C.bats are blind but have good hearing

D.the wings of the biggest bats can be exactly 5 feet across

3.The word “flying fox” in paragraph 3 means ().

A.red foxes flying high

B.the biggest bat

C.a kind of fierce animal recently discovered

D.fox-like animals with big wings

4.According to the passage the way bats find food is ().

A.to fly around it at night

B.to jump off anything around them

C.as the same as that of most other animals

D.to use their good hearing in the dark

5.Which of the following is NOT true according to this passage?()

A.All dark bats live in the dark places.

B.In the day bats sleep a lot and look for foods at night.

C.Bats eat more fish and fruit than they eat bugs.

D.Bats can hang on the wall by their feet.

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第3题

Language is human speech, either written or spoken.All languages have a system of sou
nds, words, a system of word order, and grammar.Word order is more important in English than in some other languages.The sound system is very important in Chinese and in many African languages.

Language is always changing.The earliest known languages had complicated grammar but a small, limited vocabulary.Over the centuries, the grammar changed, and the vocabulary grew.For example, the English and Spanish people who came to America during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries gave names to all the new plants and animals they found.In this way, hundreds of new words were introduced into English and Spanish vocabularies.Today life is changing very fast, and language is changing fast, too.

There are several major language families in the world.Some scientists say there are nine main families, but other scientists divide them differently.The languages in each family are related, and scientists think that they came from the same parent language.

We learn our own languages by listening and copying.We do this without studying or thinking about it.But learning a foreign language takes a lot of study and practice.

(1).What do all languages in the world have?

A.Complicated vocabularies

B.Single grammar

C.Large vocabularies

D.A system of sounds

(2).What does the earliest known languages have?

A.Different word orders

B.Difficult grammar

C.Difficult vocabularies

D.Easy sound system

(3).What did the English and Spanish people who came to America do?

A.They gave names to different animals

B.They found many new plants and animals

C.They changed the grammar of English and Spanish

D.They introduced new words into English and Spanish

(4).Scientists think that the languages in each family_________________________.

A.are related

B.should be divided differently

C.should be separated

D.are not very different

(5).According to the passage, we learn our own language by_________________________.

A.thinking about it

B.practicing it

C.listening and copying

D.studying it

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第4题

There are different ideas about pets in different parts of the world.In most cultures,
animals are in a worse position than human beings.In some cases, however, people treat their pets like members of their families, or perhaps better.In the United States and Europe, there are special shops that sell clothing and food for cats and dogs.

In many countries of the world, there is special food for pets.It is common for big markets in many places to sell cat food and dog food.However, in a small town in France, there is a special restaurant for dogs.Dogs are the only customers.There is seating for twenty of them.The dogs choose from a variety of dishes on the menu.

Of course, in most parts of the world, pets don’t live in such wealth and comfort.P eople treat their pets in a more practical way.People own cats and dogs because they keep away mice and other unwanted animals.Owners have some loving feelings for their pets, but they do not see them as equal to family members.In most places in the world, there isn't any special clothing or fine food for animals.There aren’t any special restaurants for dogs.

Pets around the world live in a great variety of ways, just as people do.

21.According to the passage, in most countries _______________.

A.animals are in a worse position than human beings

B.people treat their pets like members of their families

C.there are special shops that sell clothing for dogs and cats

D.pets such as dogs and cats are very popular

22.According to the passage, there are _________________.

A.a few restaurants for dogs in every city in France

B.many owners of dogs and cats in the United States and Europe

C.no dogs or cats that wear clothing

D.some people who treat their pets far better than they treat their children

23.For many people, pets may have a more practical function because _______________.

A.pets are often useful companions for old people

B.cats and dogs can be used to keep away mice

C.pets can sometimes be sold to make money

D.some pets may show loving feelings for their owners

24.In your opinion, which of the following sentences is probably true?

A.Dogs and cats like to wear expensive clothing.

B.Many people visit the dog restaurant in France.

C.In some cases, animals have better food and clothing than people.

D.People in every part of the world like to buy fine clothing for their pets.

25.The main idea of this reading passage is _______________.

A.Dogs enjoy fine restaurants

B.A rich cat can afford to go to any restaurant

C.It is stupid to have special food and clothing for animals

D.People treat pets in very different ways in different parts of the world

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第5题

Question 24 to 27 are based on the following passage.Scientists can learn about man by stu

Question 24 to 27 are based on the following passage.

Scientists can learn about man by studying animals, such as mice, rats and monkeys. The scientists in a laboratory areexperimenting on mice and they are studying the relationship between diet and health.

In this experiment, the scientists are studying the relationship between the amount of food the mice can eat and theirhealth. The mice are in three groups. All these groups are receiving the same healthy diet. But the amount of food that eachgroup is receiving is different. The first group is eating one cup of food each day, the second two cups, and the third threecups.

After three years, the healthiest group is the one that is only eating one cup of food each day. The mice in this group arethinner than normal mice but they are more active. Most of the day, they are running, playing with one another, and using theequipment in their cages. Also, they are living longer. Mice usually live for two years, while most of the mice in this groupare still alive after three years.

The second group of mice is of normal weight. They are healthy, too. They are active, but not as active as the thinnermice. But they are only living about two years.

The last group of mice is receiving more food than the other two groups. Most of the day, these mice are eating orsleeping. They are not active. These mice are living longer than the scientists thought —about a year and a half, but they arenot healthy. The are sick more often than the other two groups.

24. The first group is the thinnest mainly because__________

A.they run and play all day long

B.they eat only one cup of food a day

C.they live longer than the other groups

D.they are bored with the kind of food in the cup

How long do normal mice live according to the passage?A.about one year

B.about a year and a half

D.about two years

E.about three years

What can we learn from the experiment?A.daily amount of food may influence our health

B.sleeping may have nothing to do with weight

C.playing with others may help us sleep better

D.less exercise may make us live longe

This passage is mainly about the relationship between___________A.food and health

B.sleep and weight

C.weight and exercise

D.exercise and equipment

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析,谢谢!

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第6题

There is a vital need for national parks.We must have them as places where plants and
animals can be preserved in the natural state for all time.And we need parks as a retreat (休养所) from the crowded bustling life of cities.Our record for conservation (自然资源保护) is poor.Half of the animal species existing at the time of Captain Cooks arrival are now extinct(灭绝).Australia has wildlife (野生生物) that is not found in the native state in any other part of the world.This wildlife is therefore of particular scientific value.In New South Wales, the National Parks and Wildlife Service is responsible for the care of out native plants and animals in their natural environment.One of the aims of this service is to educate people in the need for conservation.The service also provides facilities for recreation (娱乐) in parks and wilderness areas throughout the state.A UNESCO (联合国教科文组织)study stated that a country should strive to retain 5 percent of its land as national parks.Australia at present is below this figure but there is a community awareness of the need to increase it and new areas are being proclaimed almost annually.In the years to come, our national parks will be one of our most valuable assets.As our population grows and our cities become more crowded,parks will become vital as retreats from the pressures of modern urbanized living.

1.Judging from the passage,when Captain Cook first arrived in Australia,________.

A.Australia began its historical record

B.conservation in Australia as already poor

C.there were not so many animal species as now

D.there were twice as many animal species as now

2.In the last line of the second paragraph,the state refers to ________.

A.Australia

B.the native state

C.New South Wales

D.the National Parks and Wildlife Service

3.According to the passage,all the following statements are true except________.

A.All of Australias wildlife can be found in other parts of the world

B.It is the job of the National Parks and Wildlife Service to look after the native plants and animals

C.Now Australia has less than 5 percent of its land as national parks

D.At present,the number of national parks in Australia is steadily increasing

4.The word retain in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to ________.

A.regard

B.keep

C.sell

D.add

5.According to the passage,national parks in Australia are important for ________.

A.the benefits of both the wildlife and the people

B.the annual income of the government

C.UNESCO study and research

D.the scientific value of the National Parks and Wildlife Service

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第7题

Recently some American scientists have given a useful sincere piece of advice to peopl
e in industrialized nations that they would be much healthier if they ate more of the same kind of food eaten by humans living more than 10,000 years ago.

The scientists say that the human body has changed very little since human first appeared on the earth, but the way we live has changed greatly.Our body has not been able to deal with these changes in life style. (方式) and this has led to new kinds of sicknesses.These new sicknesses were not known in ancient times (古代).So they are called “diseases of civilization”.Many cancers and diseases of the blood system (系统),including heart attacks and stroke (中风) are examples of such diseases.

Scientists noted that people in both the Old Stone Age and the New Stone Age enjoyed very little alcohol (酒精) or tobacco (烟草),probably none.Ancient people also got a great deal of physical exercise, but a change in food is one of the main differences between life in ancient times and that of today.

Stone-age people hunted wild animals for their meat, which had much less fat than domestic or tame ones (家畜).They also ate a lot of fresh wild vegetables and fruits.They did not have milk or any other dairy products, and they made very little use of grains.But today, we eat a large amount of these.We eat six times more salt than our remote ancestors.We eat more sugar.We eat twice as much fat but only one third as much protein (蛋白质) and much less vitamin.(维生素) C.

People today probably do not want to live the way people thousands of years ago did, but scientists say that we would be much healthier if we ate much the same way our remote ancestors did ,cutting the amount of fatty, salty and sweet food.

1.According to the passage, people in industrialized nations would be much healthier if they eat()

A.more food as human living 10,000 years ago did

B.as human living 10,000 years ago ate

C.more kinds of food eaten by people living over 10,000 years ago

D.more of the same kind of food eaten by people over 10,000 years ago

2.New kinds of sicknesses have been found because().

A.the human body has changed compared with(同……比较) human first appeared on the earth

B.the way we live has changed a little

C.our body can't deal with the changes in life style

D.the way we live today is proper for the human body

3.What is the main cause that people suffer from a lot of new sicknesses? ()

A.Ancient people did a great deal of physical exercise

B.People today have a lot of alcohol

C.People today have more tobacco

D.Food today is quite different from that of ancient times

4.Which of the following belongs to the dairy product?()

A.Milk

B.Corn

C.Pork

D.Flour

5.According to some scientists, Stone-age people were much healthier than people today because they ate a lot of ______.

A.milk and other dairy products

B.wild animals, fresh.wild vegetables and fruits

C.salt and sugar

D.grain foods

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第8题

阅读理解:阅读下面的短文,根据文章内容从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。There are more ant

阅读理解:阅读下面的短文,根据文章内容从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。

There are more ants than any other kinds of land animals in the world. They range from 0.1 to 1 inch long and are usually yellow, brown, red, or black. Ants live in societies in which they depend on one another. The societies are not all exactly the same because there are ants of very many kinds. But in general, each kind has ants of three main typesA、queens, males, and workers.

The ants have a good many enemies. They include birds, bears and ant eaters of various kinds. In some cases other ants are their worst enemies, as man’s enemy is man. In some parts of the world, red ants march in large armies to attack the homes of black ants. Some of them succeed in getting inside of the tunnels of black ants, whose entrances have been blocked. They try to carry the black ant babies away. The black ants do all they can to prevent that. They send their biggest soldiers into action. Very many of the red ants soldiers are killed but some escape with babies belonging to the black ants. The red ants take the babies home and bring them up. They become the only workers for the red ants.

Ants as a group are beneficial to humans. Their tunnels mix and soften the soil, in some places replacing the activity of earthworms. Some of ants are harmful to humans. For example, the fire ant, which has a painful bite, is a serious pest to humans and domestic animals in many parts of the world.

1. Which kind of ants is not regarded as the main types of ants in general? {A、B、C}

A. Queen ants.

B. Soldier ants.

C. Worker ants.

2. According to the passage, what do we learn about the ants’ enemies? {A、B、C}

A. They are of many kinds.

B. They are birds and ant eaters.

C. They are the same as man’s enemies.

3. The red ants attack the black ants’ home because {A、B、C}.

A. black ants are better soldiers

B. red ants are stronger than black ants

C. they don’t have workers of their own

4. According the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? {A、B、C}

A. The number of ants is the most in the world.

B. Each ant depends upon itself in the society.

C. Ants are useful to human on some conditions.

5. The main purpose of the passage is to {A、B、C}.

A. explain some information about ants

B. show the difference between red ants and black ants

C. convince people that ants as a group is beneficial insect

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第9题

We use both words and gestures to express our feelings ,but the problem is that these word
s and gestures can be understood in different ways .

It is true that a smile means the same thing in any language . So does laughter or crying . There are also a number of striking similarities in the way different animals show the same feelings . Dogs , tigers and humans , for example , often show their teeth when they are angry . This is probably because they are born with those behavior. patterns .

Fear is another emotion that is shown in much the same way all over the world . In Chinese and English literature , a phrase like “he went pale and began to tremble”suggests that the man is either very afraid or deeply shocked . However , “he opened his eyes wide ” is used to suggest anger in Chinese whereas in English it means surprise . In Chinese surprise can be described in a phrase like “they stretched out their tongues ”. Sticking out your tongue in English is an insulting gesture or expresses strong dislike .

Even in the same culture , people differ in the ability to understand and express feelings Experiments in America have shown that women are usually better than men at recognizing fear ,anger love and happiness on people’s faces . Other studies show that older people usually find it easier to recognize or understand body language than younger people do .

According to the passage , _________.

A.we can hardly understand what people’s gestures mean

B.words and gestures may have different meanings in different cultures

C.words can be better understand by older people

D.gestures can be better understand by most of the people while words can not

People’s facial expressions may be misunderstand because______。A.people of different ages may have different understandings

B.people have different cultures

C.people of different sexes may understand a gesture differently

D.people of different countries speak different languages

Even in the same culture , people_______.A.have different abilities to understand and express feelings

B.have exactly the same understanding of something

C.never fail to understand each other

D.are equally intelligent

From this passage .we can conclude_______.A.words are used as frequently as gestures

B.words are often found difficult to understand

C.words and gestures are both used in expressing feelings

D.gestures are more efficiently used than words

The best title for this passage be________.A.Words and Feelings

B.Words,Gestures and Feelings

C.Gestures and Feelings

D.Culture and Understanding

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析,谢谢!

点击查看答案

第10题

Writing in a diary, watching television, talking with friends, speaking on the telepho
ne, and __1__ a menu -- what do they have in common? They are all __2__of communication. It has been__3__ that people spend more time communicating than they spend in any other complex activity in life. __4__ communication is a word that most people have difficulty __5__and talking about. The word communication may be used to identify activities that do not__6__people. For example, the word may sometimes be used to describe the __7__that animals relate to each other. __8__, it is said that electronic devices "communicate" with each other. However, communication most often refers to activities among people. Thus, communication may be defined as the__9__by which people exchange feelings and ideas with one another. __10__this definition is clear and simple, much more needs to be said.

1、A、read

B、reading

C、to read

D、having read

2、A、patterns

B、fashions

C、forms

D、models

3、A、estimated

B、predicted

C、designed

D、counted

4、A、Therefore

B、Hence

C、Moreover

D、Even so

5、A、deserving

B、demonstrating

C、defending

D、defining

6、A、involve

B、evolve

C、resolve

D、revolve

7、A、methods

B、ways

C、habits

D、techniques

8、A、Traditionally

B、Constantly

C、Similarly

D、Usually

9、A、measures

B、means

C、modes

D、manners

10、A、When

B、Now that

C、While

D、If

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第11题

How men first learned to invent words is unknown, in other words, the origin of langua

ge is a mystery. all we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to represent those sounds and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken or written in letters, we call words.

The power of words, then, lies in their associations --- the things they bring up before our minds. Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something to us increase.

Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions. This charming and telling use of words is what we call literary style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music, and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should, therefore, learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and vulgar.

46、One of the reasons why men invented certain sounds to express themselves was that _________.

A.they could combine them

B.they could write them down

C.they could agree upon certain signs

D.they could communicate with each other

47、The real power of words exists in their___________.

A.sounds

B.associations

C.written form

D.literary style

48、What is true about words?()

A.They are simply sounds.

B.They are difficult to understand.

C.They are used to express great thoughts only.

D.the more we read and learn, the more cheerful we become.

49、Which of the following statements about the real poet is NOT true?()

A.he is no more than

B.His style. is always charming.

C.His poems can move men to tears.

D.He can convey his ideas in words which sing like music.

50、In the last paragraph “their” refers to_____________.

A.men’s

B.words’

C.real poets’

D.great writers’

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