Tom’s condition looks very serious and it is doubtful_____ he will pull through.

A、wrong

B、the matter

C、matter

D、pity

udents to fill out a carefully designed test that determines a person's level of optimism and pessimism. The students also answered questions about their general heath, including how often they went to a doctor.

Peterson followed the health of his students the following year and discovered that the pessimists had twice as many diseases and made twice as many trips to the doctor as the optimists.

Later, Martin Seligman of the University of Pennsylvania and two of his colleagues, using interviews and blood tests, found that optimists have better immune (免疫的) activity than pessimists. Why？ One big factor is that "Pessimistic individuals," as Seligman writes, "get depressed more easily and more often."

When a person is depressed, certain brain hormones (荷尔蒙) become reduced, creating a chain of biochemical (生物化学的) events that end up slowing down the activity of the immune system.

Optimists also look at information in more depth to find out what they can do about the risk factors. In a study by Lisa Aspinwall, at the University of Maryland, subjects read health-related information on cancer and other topics. She discovered that optimists spent more time than pessimists reading the severe risk material and they recommend more of it.

"These are people," says Aspinwall, "who aren't sitting around wishing things were different. They believe in a better outcome, and that whatever measures they take will help them to heal." In other words, instead of having their heads in the clouds, optimistic people look and seek. They aren't afraid to look into the situation because they're optimistic. Thus, for yet another reason, optimists are likely to be healthier.

The best news is what research has shown repeatedly: Anyone can become more optimistic with effort. And every effort you make to keep an optimistic attitude will reward you with a stronger immune system. So you'll enjoy better health.

1. The purpose of these scientific studies is to ________.

A、pick out people who are more optimistic

B、determine a person's level of optimism and pessimism

C、prove pessimistic people get depressed more easily and more often

D、discover to what degree one's health is related to one's attitude in life

2. Seligman's research suggests that ________.

A、optimism helps people become healthier

B、interviews are the main tool used in the research

C、blood tests may not produce exact results

D、one's immune system is controlled by one's thoughts

3. According to the scientists, the reduction of immune activity is basically caused by ________.

A、some uncertain factors.

B、one's worse condition of health

C、one's depressed feeling

D、the change of biochemical events

4. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.

A、optimists spend more time on studying and searching

B、pessimists are more concerned with their health

C、we can tell who is a pessimist by observing his reading behavior

D、hormones are something with mysterious effects on the brain

5. Which of the following statements is NOT true？

A、Everyone can develop an optimistic attitude with effort.

B、Pessimists have no hope of making a change in their attitude.

C、Optimists have a stronger immune system.

D、A positive attitude toward life makes us healthier.

A.Tom

B.Tom's

C.her

D.him

A.like

B.similar

C.characteristical

D.kind

people had seen apples fall and hadn’t given the matter a second thought.But Newton thought about it carefully and developed a cornerstone of modern science—the theory of gravity.

The ability to ask deep questions and look for answers lies at the heart of science.So it stands to reason that educators would want to bottle Newton’s brand of thinking and serve it to their students.

Common sense might argue that the best means to that end is to cram future scientists with chemistry,physics,biology,and mathematics.After all,Newton had an enormous appetite for science.

But Newton owned more books in the humanities than he did in the sciences,and his interest included subjects such an history,philosophy,and Greek mythology.

Could it be that thinking deeply about subjects such as history,philosophy,and religion makes one a better scientist？many top American schools think so.

The liberal arts is diversified toolbox.If you have only one way of looking at things,you will get stuck in the same place everybody else got stuck.If you’ve got different experiences,you may find other ways of solving the problem.”

It’s well known that the more we think,the better our neural connections.But liberal arts colleges go one step further.They argue that learning to think in one field may sharpen the ability to solve complex problems in a seemingly unrelated area.It may be a while before scientists establish the truth or falsity of this idea.In the meantime,some of the best minds in science are betting that it’s true.

“Learning about the great books and the humanities can stimulate the sort of brain waves that serve a scientist pretty well,” says Nobel prize winner Tom Cech—“The more types of thinking you have to do,the more skills you can bring to a scientific problem."

26.We learn from the first paragraph that ________.

A.the ability to think is of first importance to scientific discovery

B.nobody noticed apples falling from trees to the ground before Newton

C.Newton developed the theory of gravity by watching a falling apple

27.According to the passage, to help students become scientists, educators________.

A.should cram them with lots of science courses

B.should make them think in the way Newton did

C.should ask them deep questions and look for answers

D.should give them an enormous appetite for science

28.We learn from the passage that students who study science in a liberal arts college ________.

A.are required to take a number of courses in the humanities

B.are free to take whatever courses they like best

C.have a wide range of interests in history, philosophy and religion

D.spend more time studying arts and the humanities than the sciences

29.The idea that learning to think in one field may sharpen the ability to solve complex problems in a seemingly unrelated area is ________.

A.already proved to be true by scientists

B.accepted by the best people in science

C.a common belief among liberal arts colleges

D.gaining worldwide acceptance

30.In liberal arts colleges students are _______.

A.asked to bring a diversified toolbox to school

B.trained to think differently from everybody else

C.required to learn different kinds of skills

D.taught to look at things in different ways

A．avoid

B．prohibit

C．restrict

D．prevent

The People’s Charter was mainly concerned with （).

A.The working condition

B.The industrial development

C.The electionsystem

D.The British imperialism

A.what

B.which

C.that

D.where